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β-Catenin-dependent WNT signal transduction governs development, tissue homeostasis, and a vast array of human diseases. Signal propagation through a WNT-Frizzled/LRP receptor complex requires proteins necessary for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Paradoxically, CME also negatively regulates WNT signaling through internalization and degradation of the receptor complex. Here, using a gain-of-function screen of the human kinome, we report that the AP2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), a known CME enhancer, inhibits WNT signaling. Reciprocally, AAK1 genetic silencing or its pharmacological inhibition using a potent and selective inhibitor activates WNT signaling. Mechanistically, we show that AAK1 promotes clearance of LRP6 from the plasma membrane to suppress the WNT pathway. Time-course experiments support a transcription-uncoupled, WNT-driven negative feedback loop; prolonged WNT treatment drives AAK1-dependent phosphorylation of AP2M1, clathrin-coated pit maturation, and endocytosis of LRP6. We propose that, following WNT receptor activation, increased AAK1 function and CME limits WNT signaling longevity.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.023

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cell Rep

Publication Date

02/01/2019

Volume

26

Pages

79 - 93.e8

Keywords

AAK1, AP2M1, LRP6, WNT signaling, clathrin, endocytosis, feedback loop, gain-of-function screen, kinase, Animals, Clathrin, Endocytosis, Feedback, Physiological, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6, Male, Mice, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Wnt Proteins, Wnt Signaling Pathway