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We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a 'low responder' group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41564-021-00947-3

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nat Microbiol

Publication Date

09/2021

Volume

6

Pages

1140 - 1149

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Child, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, United Kingdom, Young Adult